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Transport of dangerous substances by rail
STRAŠÍKOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis focuses on the transport of dangerous substances by rail. The transport follows the instructions of international legal regulation which is called Regulations Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID). The Regulations is the main document for transport of dangerous substances in the CR and also in other forty contractual countries which accepted RID's conditions. Dangerous substances are transported a lot and the increase of transported substances in the future is predictable. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis contains an enumeration of international and internal legal regulations which are related to problems of transport of dangerous substances. The theoretical part also describes risks of dangerous chemical substances and mixtures and the labelling of dangerous substances according to RID. The Regulations includes the description of particular categories of dangerous substances, the characteristic of substances and the pattern which is used on the precautionary sign. All the means of transport which are used for transport of dangerous substances are labelled according to UN system. This precautionary labelling must be on all the wagons. The important section of the theoretical part is the chapter focuses on activities and duties of safety advisers. The end of the theoretical part is the chapter about treatment with dangerous substances which includes packaging, loading and unloading. These goals were determined for processing of this thesis: To map and to describe the transport of dangerous substances from loading to unloading. To evaluate how safety the transport of dangerous substances by rail is. To evaluate preparedness of fire and rescue services for possible extraordinary events connected with leakage of dangerous substances during the transport by rail. Thanks to analysis of available literary sources and corresponding legal regulations was discovered that European regulations and international agreements are successfully accepted into legal regulations of the CR. For fulfilment of goals and for answer a research question, it was necessary to make qualitative research via prepared questionnaires. The questionnaire was created from sixteen open questions. These questions were aimed at safety advisers from different companies in the CR. The condition was: The companies have to deal with cargo transport of dangerous substances by rail according to RID. The questionnaire was mainly focused on duties and training of safety advisers, on the transport of dangerous substances by rail and their quantity, on the description of activities during loading and unloading, on activities of employees and fire and rescue services during the extraordinary events connected with leakage of dangerous substances. It is also focused on their own evaluation how safety the transport of dangerous substances by rail is. From the five addressed companies even four safety advisers were willing to cooperate and to contribute to creation of this bachelor thesis. They were willing to cooperate despite their workload. The goals were fulfilled thanks to gained data from the questionnaires. The research question was also answered. It was discovered that the transport of dangerous substances by rail is, according to specialists, safe for all the time during the treatment with dangerous substances. The most dangerous thing is the human failure during the loading and unloading processes. The fire and rescue services intervene during the leakage of dangerous substances which happens in the course of transport. The fire and rescue services cooperate with safety advisers and they solve the actual extraordinary event. Their preparedness is on the high level. It is because of regular training where it is simulated the leakage of dangerous substances according to inner emergency plan. Finally, some of the railway transit corridors for the regular transport of dangerous substances were mapped.
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